The Aviation Posters and Lithographs Collection is an artifical collection bringing together posters and lithographic materials depicting aircraft and other aviation-related topics. This includes reproductions of photographs in the form of lithographs or posters, vintage posters, and commemorative or retrospective items. The collection covers a wide range of aviation themes spanning the history of aviation and includes depictions of aircraft from a wide variety of manufacturers. The collection is organized into 12 series by subject.

The Aircraft series is the largest grouping with around 65 items and includes posters focusing on specific planes. The Air Shows and Events series is also extensive with 57 items such as promotional posters for aviation events like meets and demonstrations, especially for ones held in Washington and the Pacific Northwest region of the United States.

The World War II series is relatively small with only five posters, including fact sheets and instructional posters, but also present is a separate series of World War II-era propaganda posters which has about two dozen items promoting participation in and support of the war. Additionally, there is a U.S. Military series with 62 items that depict aircraft used in the American armed forces, including images of the Thunderbirds and Blue Angels.

The Engines and Parts series contains 20 items that include illustrations of engines and control panels as well as other technical equipment. The smallest and least comprehensive series are the Airports and Travel series, Balloons and Dirigible series, the Early Flight series, the Helicopters series, and the Soviet series which each have fewer than ten items. A series of assorted items with 69 documents that did not fit thematically elsewhere.