United States maps, 1945-1965
Contents of Collection
Series I. Professional (1927-1995) is divided into the following subseries:
Subseries A. Early Career (1927-1934) contains visual, audiovisual, and textual documents. The materials consist of 43 black-and-white photographs, 13 photographic negatives, 1 photographic slide, 1 16mm film reel, correspondence, pilot logbooks and pay vouchers. These documents illustrate EBJ's early days in the field of aviation, starting with the Tex Rankin Flying School where he sold tickets, as well as worked as a wing walker and an aerial acrobat. Items of note include a photograph of a group aviators from the Tex Rankin Flying School, as well as photographs of EBJ. In addition, there are flight logs, and a letter of recommendation for EBJ from Tex Rankin. Other early ventures documented in EBJ’s flying career includes his employment with Fairchild Aerial Surveys as a flying photographer hired to map the coastline of Mexico, an airmail pilot with Boeing Air Transport and Varney Airlines.
Subseries B. United Air Lines Transport Corporation (1936-1943) documents EBJ’s career with the United Air Lines Transport Corporation and consists primarily of his coursework and certifications. Included in the files are EBJ’s early pilot logbooks, training documents, reports, correspondence, and notes from EBJ's time as a pilot with United Air Lines Transport Corporation during the early 1930s.
Subseries C. United Airlines, Incorporated (1931-1953) consists of both visual materials, as well as textual documents. The materials offer insight into EBJ’s continued work as a pilot with United Airlines, beginning in the 1930s, until his retirement as a senior pilot in 1954. Included in the materials are EBJ’s coursework, flight schedules, pay reports, professional photographic portraits in the flight deck of an aircraft. Some items of particular note are a series of photographic postcards of EBJ while he was a United Airlines pilot contracted by the Army Air Corps during the Second World War to serve as a Second Lieutenant in the Air Transport Command, from 1942-1945. The images illustrate EBJ and other servicemen while they were in the South Pacific.
A large portion of this grouping consists of six flight notebooks. These notebooks contain flight times, charts, inscriptions, notes, as well as hand-drawn illustrations of navigation instructions and landmarks. Of particular significance is EBJ’s “Little Black Book,” which he started during his Cheynne-Salt Lake City airmail route with the Boeing Air Transport and continued to use while working for United Airlines. There are subsequential notebooks that contain his continued effort to collect navigation information and the beginning designs of the Airway Manual.
The remainder of the subseries contains textual documents, such as flight plans, coursework, hand-written notes, instruction packets with route table examples, and pay reports.
Subseries D. Jeppesen and Company (1933-1995) contains a large number of visual and textual documents that reflect the operations of the company. There are 102 photographic prints, 16 negatives, and 4 slides. In addition to the visual and textual materials, there are 32 dictation belts.
This subseries is the most extensive part of the collection. Due to the vastness of materials in this subseries there are multiple subgroupings within the hierarchy of files to delineate and provide insight into the specific functions of the company. The first tier of subgroupings is Administrative Files; Financial and Legal Records; Product Development; and Marketing and Publicity. There are instances when the subgroup required to be further subdivided to better describe materials.
First, the Administrative Files are subdivided into Board of Directors, Internal Operations, Personnel Documents, Corporate Affairs, Mergers and Acquisitions, Business Correspondence, and Company Memberships.
The files within the Board of Directors date from 1965-1980 and consist primarily of meeting minutes, reports, agendas, and correspondence. The Internal Operations materials record departmental reports, operation specifications, guidelines, business plans, and internal correspondence within the Jeppesen and Company organization. In addition, there are blank office forms, stationery, holiday cards, and binders with the company’s logos. Something of note is the "Jeppesen and Company Letterhead Project,” which began in the 1940s and continued on into the 1950s. The three files related to the project contain a large number of hand-drawn illustrations of proposed company logos and letterhead styles. They reflect early thoughts on how to visually brand Jeppesen and Company and how the designs evolved throughout the years. Next, the Personnel Documents date from 1942-1994 and consist primarily of correspondence, resumes, employment records, and contracts related to individual employees. In addition, there are blank forms connected specifically to employment with the company, such as applications, action forms, and supervisor forms, as well as drafts of the employee handbook.
The Corporate Affairs files date from 1933-1995 and provide documentation on projects taking place within Jeppesen and Company. There are agendas, correspondence, brochures, programs, and speech drafts associated with the company’s “Airline Seminars” and “Subscribers’ Accident” programs. In addition, there are materials from the company’s publication “Saga of the U.S. Air Mail,” that was produced in partnership with Dale Nielson in the 1960s. Of particular interest in these records is the “Jeppesen and Custer, Incorporated" file which describes an early aviation business venture between William J. Custer and EBJ that began in the 1940s and ended quickly in the 1950s. The file contains correspondence, contracts, invoices, financial records, hand-written notes, reports, company logo and letterhead draft designs. Another important part of the Corporate Affairs grouping is the “Operation Free Enterprise” that records EBJ’s effort to maintain the ability of companies outside of the United States government to publish aviation routes and manuals. There are committees hearing statements, correspondence notes, memorandums, and news releases that date from the 1950s to the 1960s.
The following grouping, Mergers and Acquisitions, dates from 1935-1995 and consists primarily of an assortment of individual aviation corporations’ reports, brochures, correspondence, and financial statements for the purpose of possible acquisition or merger of these businesses. In addition, there are documents illustrating the acquisition of Jeppesen and Company by Times-Mirror Company in 1961. The bulk of the materials date from the 1960s to the 1990s, after Jeppesen and Company had been acquired. Much of the documents reflect a shift in the business model of the organization, where the company would grow its network as a producer and distributor of maps, charts, commercial pilot training materials, and navigational devices.
The Business Correspondence files date from 1938-1995 and complement the Mergers and Acquisition records but focus on the business relationship between individuals and Jeppesen and Company through them corresponding over a period of time. One file of particular interest is the correspondence and draft manuscript related to the purchase of “Radio Navigation for VFR Flying” by Alice Fuchs from the 1950s to the 1960s. Alice Fuchs began flying in the 1930s and became known as an aviator, commercial pilot, flight instructor, and author. She researched and wrote a manual on the use of radio navigation for VFR flights. EBJ wanted his company to purchase her work and disseminate it as a Jeppesen and Company manual.
The final group of records in the Internal Operations subgroup is Company Memberships. While there is an Association and Memberships subseries in the Personal Series that does have some overlap between subject and content, the memberships within these files were purchased by Jeppesen and Company rather than EBJ personally. The files range from 1949 to 1994 and contain correspondence, bulletins, newsletters, brochures, membership forms, membership cards, and invoices. There are a large number of documents from the company's membership with the National Pilots Association, of whom EBJ served on the Board of Directors. There are executive bulletins, guidelines, promotional materials, decals, meeting minutes, weekly reports, agendas, and correspondence. Referenced in the National Pilots Association documents are the development of a pilot proficiency program and the associations relationship with the pilots in the aviation industry.
Following the Administrative Files is the Financial Records and Contracts subseries. The financial records date from 1941-1966 and consist of balance sheets, financial reports, budgets, payroll, and purchase orders. In the materials are early examples of the production costs for both the Airway Manual and the Naval Airways Pilot Manual, and how the company charted its early profits and loss from the publication process.
The contracts, which date from 1942-1965, make up the second part of this subgrouping and consist primarily of the company’s contracts with the United States Navy to produce and publish the Naval Airways Pilot manual and its iterations throughout the years. There is only one contract with the United States Air Force represented. These files include individual contracts, correspondence, invoices, change orders, bid invitations, price schedules, notes, reports, indexes, cost studies, negotiations, and manual examples.
The next subseries, Production and Development, is the largest and most comprehensive subgroup within the Jeppesen and Company subseries. Due to the large number of documents, the records have been further divided into the following subgroupings: Manuals and Logbooks, Maps, Navigation Charts, Research and Development. Each of these reflect the company’s manufacturing output and projects from the 1930s to the 1990s.
First the Manuals and Logbooks subgroup, which dates from 1936-1995, consists of various iterations of the Airway Manual. There is an early copy of the Airway Manual of Special Information for United Air Line Pilots, from 1936. There are sequential versions of the Pocket Airway Manuals, as well as manuals produced for South American Airway, National Airlines, and Pan American World Airways. In addition, there are sample pages and revision packets developed during the production of the Airway Manual. It is important to note that there is an overlap in subject matter between the Manuals and Logbooks subgrouping and the Navigation Charts files. The navigation charts produced by the company are an essential component to the Airway Manual. Finished versions or items primarily textual were filed with the manuals, while charts maintain their own grouping.
The Maps subgroup dates from 1942-1995 and consists of topographical color-relief maps, which the company began creating in the 1950s. These maps were used in the production of road and route maps, gas and utility maps, and general geographical mapping of the United States, assorted international countries, and the world as a whole. Included in the materials are proofs and samples, often with hand-written annotations by EBJ. These documents illustrate the design process of individual maps, particularly those of Colorado. Lastly, there are maps that were collected by EBJ and possibly used in the production of company materials.
The next subgroup is Navigation Charts, which dates from 1938 to 1993. These materials record the company’s production of aircraft position charts, enroute and approach charts, plotting grids, flight planning charts, radio navigation charts as well as “avigation” charts, which is a term the EBJ coined to help advertise the companies air navigation materials. Many of the charts were featured in various iterations of the Airway Manual. This subgroup is different from the Manuals grouping in that these files focus specifically on charts, and not the finished publication of the manual. There are early navigation and experimental charts that might not have made it into the Airway Manual but illustrate the development of these navigational tools. In addition to the above charts there are also sectional aeronautical charts, terminal area charts, airport directories, and charts that Jeppesen and Company produced for the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, beginning in the 1940s. Lastly, there are charts that were collected by EBJ and possibly used in the production of company materials.
Research and Development is the final subgroup in this subseries. The materials date from 1933 to 1980 and illustrate Jeppesen and Company’s projects and research related to charts, maps, navigation devices, and pilot courses. Within these files are correspondence, photographs, brochures, reports, drafts and proofs, hand-written notes, technical diagrams, patent documents, charts, and graphs. There is information on specific projects that the company worked on like Airway Manual redesign and revision efforts, proposal for updated avigation charts, as well as a drafting book related to an airway manual specification for the Pacific Northwest from the 1950s. There are records related to the work of O.R. Maxson who was chief designer for many of the navigation charts.
Additionally, there are records from Donald W. Layman who assisted in the development of navigation devices and pilot courses for the company. Some of the navigation devices produced by Jeppesen and Company include the PJ-1 Plotter and air navigation computer designs like the R-1 and R-2 computers, and the CR computers. There are a number of files related to the creation of the CR Computer manual and B-W1 briefing booklet.
Included in the Jeppesen and Company Pilot Courses are brochures and coursework, instructor bulletins, and notes, news releases, and a draft of Layman’s Book for Pilots manuscript that are associated with the company’s Jet Training Course, Jeppesen Flight Training School and Meteorology courses. There is a subgrouping in files that includes course materials and flight manuals collected by EBJ that were used in relation to the development of the above courses.
Jeppesen and Company also collected information like catalogs, advertisements, correspondence and price lists of competitor products and publication samples to assist with comparing products and see where the company was ahead or needed to improve. The company also conducted and collected studies related to projects, like type legibility and readability of their charts, as well as a “Black Box Study” for pictorial map display.
Subseries iv. Marketing and Publicity, which dates from 1944 to 1992, is the last subseries within the Jeppesen and Company files. The Marketing files contains brochures, advertisements, bulletins, articles, order forms, maps, and charts, much of which is compiled into promotional packets that were disseminated to other corporations and pilots. Some of the promotional packages are focused on a topic, like the Airline Transport Pilot course, the company history, color-relief maps, and the company’s Visual Instruction System. Many of the packets are grouped by a timeframe related to the publication of advertisements or new products. Much of the packets have overlap in content.
The publicity files consist of correspondence, photographs, clippings, articles, news releases, and notes. The documents illustrate Jeppesen and Company, as well as EBJ and Nadine Jeppesen’s highlights throughout the years. There are articles about them specifically, the company’s history, the visit of George H.W. and Barbara Bush to the company’s headquarters, and the acquisition of Jeppesen and Company by the Times-Mirror Company.
Subseries E. Flight Safety International, Incorporated (1967-1995) is a small subseries that encompasses a business venture EBJ pursued after his retirement from Jeppesen and Company in 1961. The corporation was focused on producing training programs for commercial pilots. The documents are specifically business records produced by the Board of Directors that are comprised of certificates of incorporation, meeting minutes, reports, and agendas. The bulk of the subseries consists of the corporation’s financial records.
Dates
- Creation: 1945-1965
Creator
- From the Collection: Jeppesen, Elrey B. (Elrey Borge), 1907-1996 (Person)
- From the Collection: Jeppesen, Nadine A. (Liscomb), 1914-1996 (Person)
Language of Materials
Some materials related to EBJ's time in Mexico are in Spanish. In addition, some material related to Jeppesen and Company's Frankfurt office are in German, and one of the sample foreign Airway Manuals is in Russian. There are advertisements related to Louis Blériot's "L' Aerophile," that are in French. All other materials are in English.
Conditions Governing Access
This collection is open for research and is accessible in the Dahlberg Research Center by appointment. The audio recordings and 16mm film have not been reformatted and may not be viewed at this time. For more information contact us.
Extent
From the Collection: 104.22 Cubic Feet (75 5-inch legal size document boxes, 11 2-inch legal size document boxes, 9 5-inch letter size document boxes, 2 2-inch letter size document boxes, 4 album boxes (13" x 12" x 2 ½”), 6 card boxes (12" x 5" x 3"), 1 card box (12” x 7” x 5”), 1 cassette box (12” x 9.25” x 3”), 3 oversize boxes (13" x 7" x 3"), 5 oversize boxes (20" x 16" x 3"), 2 oversize boxes (24" x 20" x 3"), 1 oversize box (40" x 32" x 2”), 29 oversize folders (40" x 30"), 15 oversize folders (47 ¾" x 35 ½"), 1 legal size expandable folder (14 ¾” x 9 ½” x 1”))
Repository Details
Part of the The Museum of Flight Archives Repository
9404 East Marginal Way South
Seattle Washington 98108-4097
206-764-7874
curator@museumofflight.org